Some ssh Tricks

I found this website with a bunch of ssh tricks. Some highlights:

Compare a Remote File with a Local File

ssh user@host cat /path/to/remotefile | diff /path/to/localfile -

Useful for checking if there are differences between local and remote files.

opendiff ((Part of the Developer Tools installed with Xcode)) and bbdiff ((One of the tools installed by BBEdit)) do not use stdin for their input, but you can work around that by copying the file to /tmp first:

scp user@host:/path/to/remotefile /tmp/remotefile && opendiff /path/to/localfile /tmp/remotefile

SSH Connection through host in the middle

ssh -t reachable_host ssh unreachable_host

Unreachable_host is unavailable from local network, but it’s available from reachable_host’s network. This command creates a connection to unreachable_host through “hidden” connection to reachable_host.

Using the -t option uses less overhead on the intermediate host. Same trick is used later in the article where you directly attach to a remote screen session:

ssh -t remote_host screen -r

Though I prefer using screen -DR. Read the man page for details.

The next one however didn’t do anything for me, I suspect there is a piece missing in the command somewhere:

Remove a line in a text File

sed -i 8d ~/.ssh/known_hosts

However there is a dedicated tool for this: use

ssh-keygen -R host

instead. I re-image some machines over and over again and then run into the ssh host key errors. This is very useful.

Enable Some Extra Services

It’s Thanksgiving here in the US. To keep you happy with minimal effort on my side I’ll give you a whole bunch of services to explore, without me (or you) having to write any of them.

Open System Preferences, select the Keyboard preference pane, select the Keyboard Shortcuts Pane and then from the list on the left select “Services.”

There you will find a long list of pre-installed services many of which are disabled by default. Go through the list and enable those that sound promising. “Get Result of AppleScript” and “Add to iTunes as Spoken Track” are two of my favorites.

Any services you have built yourself will also appear in this list. You can disable or re-enable them to keep your context menu trim.

This pane is also where you assign or change keyboard shortcuts. So if there is a service that you use frequently you can further optimize your workflow with a keystroke.

iChat Notification with Growl

So there you are doing your work and of course being the geeks that we all are you have about three hundred windows open, give or take a few hundred. Then the iChat icon starts bouncing…

Now you might be very organized and have the iChat window in a certain spot on the screen or even on a certain space in Spaces. You might be a whiz with Exposé and immediately find the right iChat window in the myriad of windows that are open. Or you might have one or two 27″ displays and not really care about this.

But for the rest us, wouldn’t it be nice if say a small window floated into the screen with a notification and the person who sent the message and maybe even the message? And it would have to be unobtrusive and float away just as quickly. You could glance at the notification and decide there and then wether it is necessary to dig out that iChat window.

Incidentally, this is what Growl really does well.

This window will float serenely in front of everything for a few seconds.

And with the scripting interface in iChat it is fairly simple to set up. After installing Growl, take this script:

property growlAppName : "Growl iChat"

property notificationNames : {"Buddy Became Available", ¬
	"Buddy Became Unavailable", ¬
	"Message Received", ¬
	"Completed File Transfer"}
property defaultNotificationNames : {"Buddy Became Available", ¬
	"Buddy Became Unavailable", ¬
	"Message Received", ¬
	"Completed File Transfer"}

using terms from application "iChat"

	on buddy became available theBuddy
		my registerWithGrowl()

		tell application "iChat"
			tell theBuddy
				set theTitle to full name & " became available"
				set theDesc to status message
				set theIcon to image
			end tell
		end tell
		my notify(theTitle, theDesc, theIcon, "Buddy Became Available")
	end buddy became available

	on buddy became unavailable theBuddy
		my registerWithGrowl()

		tell application "iChat"
			tell theBuddy
				set theTitle to full name & " went away"
				set theDesc to status message
				set theIcon to image
			end tell
		end tell
		my notify(theTitle, theDesc, theIcon, "Buddy Became Unavailable")
	end buddy became unavailable

	on message received theText from theBuddy for theTextChat
		my registerWithGrowl()

		tell application "iChat"
			set theIcon to image of theBuddy
			set theTitle to full name of theBuddy
		end tell
		my notify(theTitle, theText, theIcon, "Message Received")
	end message received

	on completed file transfer theTransfer
		my registerWithGrowl()
		tell application "iChat"
			tell theTransfer
				if transfer status is finished then
					if direction is incoming then
						set theTitle to "Received File "
						set theDesc to "from "
					else
						set theTitle to "Sent File "
						set theDesc to "to "
					end if

					set theTitle to theTitle & (file as string)
					set theDesc to theDesc & full name of buddy
				end if
			end tell
		end tell
		my notify(theTitle, theDesc, theIcon, "Message Received")
	end completed file transfer
end using terms from

on registerWithGrowl()
	tell application "GrowlHelperApp"
		register as application growlAppName all notifications notificationNames default notifications notificationNames icon of application "iChat"
	end tell
end registerWithGrowl

on notify(theTitle, desc, icondata, notificationName)
	tell application "GrowlHelperApp"
		if icondata is "" or icondata is missing value then
			notify with name notificationName title theTitle description desc application name growlAppName icon of application "iChat"
		else
			notify with name notificationName title theTitle description desc application name growlAppName image icondata
		end if
	end tell
end notify

Copy the code into AppleScript Editor and save the file as “Growl iChat” (as a script file) in ~/Library/Scripts/iChat/

In iChat, go to Preferences -> Alerts and select the Event “Message Received”, check “Run Applescript” and choose “Growl iChat.scpt”

I also setup the script to react to “Buddy Becomes Available,” “Buddy Becomes Unavailable” and “File Transfer Completed.” The great thing is that you don’t have to enable all notifications. You can even set it up individually so that you get notifications for some buddies, but not others. It should be easy to adapt the script to more actions if you wanted to.

On man Pages

Note: update for macOS Ventura

So you’re writing this email explaining to a customer or colleague on how to do some really cool thing (say hide a file in the Finder) in Terminal. The command for that is chflags, but of course you can’t remember the exact syntax. So you open Terminal and write man chflags and find the correct options.1

However reading longer man pages (try ssh or bash) in the Terminal can be kind of painful. I’m sure some of you have encountered this command before:

man -t chflags | open -f -a "Preview"

which uses the -t flag to pass the output to groff and generate a postscript file which we then pipe into the Preview app, using open‘s -f option to pipe the stdin into a file to open in a GUI app. Preview will then convert the postscript to PDF and display the result.

I think this started to work in Tiger and you should immediately go and add this command to your shell’s profile.2 Which is nice but you still have to make the roundtrip to the Terminal.3

Enter Snow Leopard Automator Services. Open Automator. Create a new service. Leave the settings to work on ‘text’ in ‘any application’. Search for the ‘Run Shell Script’ action and double click to add to the workflow. Leave the Shell at ‘/bin/bash’ but set the ‘Pass Input’ option to ‘as arguments.’

Replace the default code with

man -t "$1" | open -f -a /Applications/Preview.app
Screenshot of the workflow in Automator

Save the Service and give it a nice name, such as “Open Man Page.”

Then in any application4 you can ctrl/right/double-finger click on a word and “Open Man Page” will be an option in the menu.5 You can even go to System Preferences -> Keyboard -> and add a keyboard shortcut to the command.6 If any other command in the man page strikes your curiosity, just ctrl/right/double-finger click the word in Preview and select “Open Man Page” again.

Another rarely known but quite useful trick is that you can create hyperlinks to man pages with the x-man-page://command URL.7 This will open the man page in man in a new Terminal window. This is especially useful in IM sessions.


  1. chflags [no]hidden /path/to/file
  2. for me the relevant line looks like: function preman() { man -t "$@" | open -f -a "Preview" ;}
  3. though you could save the resulting PDF and attach it to the email, especially if you have a customer who can’t find his or her way around the command line.
  4. well… most…
  5. it may be under a under an extra level “Services” Menu. Some applications do not show Services in the context menu, but all will show the “Services” Menu under the Application Menu
  6. I usually don’t bother since I immediately forget any new keystrokes I assign. Your memory may work better.
  7. I once had somebody freak out on me because I made him open Terminal on his Mac with this…